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Background  IFNγ-producing CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 +  PBL represent a subtype of iTreg that are associated with good long-term graft outcome in renal transplant recipients and suppress alloresponses in-vitro. To study the mechanism of immunosuppression, we attempted to block cell surface receptors and thereby inhibited the function of this iTreg subset in-vitro using monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins.    Methods  PBL of healthy control individuals were stimulated polyclonally in-vitro in the presence of monoclonal antibodies or recombinant proteins against/of CD178, CD152, CD279, CD28, CD95, and HLA-DR. Induction of IFNγ +  iTreg and proliferation of effector cells was determined using four-color fluorescence flow cytometry. Blockade of iTreg function was analyzed using polyclonally stimulated co-cultures with separated CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ +  PBL.    Results  High monoclonal antibody concentrations inhibited the induction of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + IFNγ +  PBL (anti-CD152, anti-CD279, anti-CD95: p < 0.05) and CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ +  PBL (anti-CD178, anti-CD152, anti-CD279, anti-CD95: p < 0.05). Effector cell proliferation increased with increasing antibody concentrations in culture medium (anti-CD178 and anti-CD279: p < 0.05). Conversely, high concentrations of recombinant proteins induced formation of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + IFNγ +  PBL (rCD152 and rCD95: p < 0.05) and decreased cell proliferation dose-dependently (rCD178 and rCD95: p < 0.05). Our data suggest an inverse association of iTreg induction with effector cell proliferation in cell culture which is dependent on the concentration of monoclonal antibodies against iTreg surface determinants. 3-day co-cultures of polyclonally stimulated PBL with separated CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ +  PBL showed lower cell proliferation than co-cultures with CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ -  PBL (p < 0.05). Cell proliferation increased strongly in CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ -  PBL-containing co-cultures in the presence of monoclonal antibody (anti-CD28, anti-CD152, anti-CD279: p < 0.05) but remained low in co-cultures with CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ +  PBL (with the exception anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody: p < 0.05). Monoclonal antibodies prevent iTreg induction in co-cultures with CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ -  PBL but do not efficiently block suppressive iTreg function in co-cultures with CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - IFNγ +  PBL.    Conclusions  CD178, CD152, CD279, CD28, CD95, and HLA-DR determinants are important for induction and suppressive function of IFNγ +  iTreg.

In-vitro inhibition of IFNγ+ iTreg mediated by monoclonal antibodies against cell surface determinants essential for iTreg function