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Background  Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are encoded by multigene families and possess physiological functions that remain unclear. Our objective was to characterize the complete  nsLtp  gene family in rice and arabidopsis and to perform wheat EST database mining for  nsLtp  gene discovery.    Results  In this study, we carried out a genome-wide analysis of  nsLtp  gene families in  Oryza sativa  and  Arabidopsis thaliana  and identified 52 rice  nsLtp  genes and 49 arabidopsis  nsLtp  genes. Here we present a complete overview of the genes and deduced protein features. Tandem duplication repeats, which represent 26 out of the 52 rice  nsLtp  genes and 18 out of the 49 arabidopsis  nsLtp  genes identified, support the complexity of the  nsLtp  gene families in these species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that rice and arabidopsis nsLTPs are clustered in nine different clades. In addition, we performed comparative analysis of rice  nsLtp  genes and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) EST sequences indexed in the UniGene database. We identified 156 putative wheat  nsLtp  genes, among which 91 were found in the 'Chinese Spring' cultivar. The 122 wheat non-redundant nsLTPs were organized in eight types and 33 subfamilies. Based on the observation that seven of these clades were present in arabidopsis, rice and wheat, we conclude that the major functional diversification within the nsLTP family predated the monocot/dicot divergence. In contrast, there is no type VII nsLTPs in arabidopsis and type IX nsLTPs were only identified in arabidopsis. The reason for the larger number of  nsLtp  genes in wheat may simply be due to the hexaploid state of wheat but may also reflect extensive duplication of gene clusters as observed on rice chromosomes 11 and 12 and arabidopsis chromosome 5.    Conclusion  Our current study provides fundamental information on the organization of the rice, arabidopsis and wheat  nsLtp  gene families. The multiplicity of nsLTP types provide new insights on arabidopsis, rice and wheat  nsLtp  gene families and will strongly support further transcript profiling or functional analyses of  nsLtp  genes. Until such time as specific physiological functions are defined, it seems relevant to categorize plant nsLTPs on the basis of sequence similarity and/or phylogenetic clustering.

bmc genomics

Genome-wide analysis of the rice and arabidopsis non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLtp) gene families and identification of wheat nsLtp genes by EST data mining