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Abstract Background The vertebrate opsins are proteins which utilise a retinaldehyde chromophore in their photosensory or photoisomerase roles in the visual/irradiance detection cycle. The majority of the opsins, such as rod and cone opsins, have a very highly conserved gene structure suggesting a common lineage. Exceptions to this are RGR-opsin and melanopsin, whose genes have very different intron insertion positions. The gene structure of another opsin, peropsin (retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homologue, <it>RRH</it>) is unknown. Results By <it>in silico </it>analysis of the GenBank database we have determined that the human <it>RRH </it>comprises 7 exons spanning approximately 16.5 kb and is localised to chromosome 4q25 in the following gene sequence: cen-<it>EGF</it>-<it>RRH</it>-<it>IF</it>-qter – a position that excludes this gene as a candidate for the <it>RP29 </it>autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa locus. A comparison of opsin gene structures reveals that <it>RRH </it>and <it>RGR </it>share two common intron (introns 1 and 4) insertion positions which may reflect a shared ancestral gene. Conclusion The opsins comprise a diverse group of genes which appear to have arisen from three different lineages. These lineages comprise the "classical opsin superfamily" which includes the rod and cone opsins, pinopsin, VA-opsin, parapinopsin and encephalopsin; the <it>RRH </it>and <it>RGR </it>group; and the melanopsin line. A common lineage for <it>RRH </it>and <it>RGR</it>, together with their sites of expression in the RPE, indicates that peropsin may act as a retinal isomerase.</p

In silico characterisation and chromosomal localisation of human RRH (peropsin) – implications for opsin evolution