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Background  The  Hsp 20 genes are associated with stress caused by HS and other abiotic factors, but have recently been found to be associated with the response to biotic stresses. These genes represent the most abundant class among the HSPs in plants, but little is known about this gene family in soybean. Because of their apparent multifunctionality, these proteins are promising targets for developing crop varieties that are better adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, in the present study an  in silico  identification of Gm Hsp 20 gene family members was performed, and the genes were characterized and subjected to  in vivo  expression analysis under biotic and abiotic stresses.    Results  A search of the available soybean genome databases revealed 51 gene models as potential Gm Hsp 20 candidates. The 51 Gm Hsp 20 genes were distributed across a total of 15 subfamilies where a specific predicted secondary structure was identified. Based on  in vivo  analysis, only 47 soybean  Hsp 20 genes were responsive to heat shock stress. Among the Gm Hsp 20 genes that were potentials HSR, five were also cold-induced, and another five, in addition to one Gm Acd  gene, were responsive to  Meloidogyne javanica  infection. Furthermore, one predicted Gm Hsp 20 was shown to be responsive only to nematode infection; no expression change was detected under other stress conditions. Some of the biotic stress-responsive Gm Hsp 20 genes exhibited a divergent expression pattern between resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes under  M. javanica  infection. The putative regulatory elements presenting some conservation level in the Gm Hsp 20 promoters included HSE, W-box, CAAT box, and TA-rich elements. Some of these putative elements showed a unique occurrence pattern among genes responsive to nematode infection.    Conclusions  The evolution of  Hsp 20 family in soybean genome has most likely involved a total of 23 gene duplications. The obtained expression profiles revealed that the majority of the 51 Gm Hsp 20 candidates are induced under HT, but other members of this family could also be involved in normal cellular functions, unrelated to HT. Some of the Gm Hsp 20 genes might be specialized to respond to nematode stress, and the predicted promoter structure of these genes seems to have a particular conserved pattern related to their biological function.

bmc genomics

Genome-wide analysis of the Hsp 20 gene family in soybean: comprehensive sequence, genomic organization and expression profile analysis under abiotic and biotic stresses