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Abstract Background Cell polarity is essential for many decisions made during development. While investigation of polarity-specific factors has yielded great insights into the polarization process, little is known on how these polarity-specific factors link to the basic cellular mechanisms that function in non-polarity aspects of the cell. To better understand the mechanisms that establish embryonic polarity, we investigated genes required for polarity in the one-cell <it>C. elegans </it>embryo that are also required for other non-polarity functions. This has led to the identification of the Pod-class of mutants that are characterized by osmosensitive embryos and defects in anterior-posterior polarity. Results Mutation in either of two loci of this class, <it>emb-8 </it>and <it>pod-2</it>, disrupts embryonic polarization and results in osmotically-sensitive embryos. Loss of <it>emb-8</it>, a previously uncharacterized polarity gene, causes mislocalization of PAR-3 and PAR-2 that molecularly mark the anterior and posterior cortices. <it>emb-8 </it>encodes NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, a protein supplying electrons to cytochrome P450-family enzymes, some of which catalyze fatty acid modifications. Cloning of the previously characterized polarity gene <it>pod-2 </it>reveals it encodes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Depletion of fatty acid synthase, the next enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway, by RNA-interference (RNAi) also causes similar loss of one-cell polarity. Furthermore, <it>pod-2 </it>polarity defects can be rescued by addition of exogenous fatty acids. By following the behavior of the pronucleus in <it>emb-8 </it>and <it>pod-2 </it>mutant embryos, we demonstrate that loss of polarity correlates with impaired interaction between the pronucleus-centrosome complex and the posterior cortex. Conclusions The characterization of <it>emb-8 </it>and <it>pod-2 </it>mutant embryos suggests that the pronucleus-centrosome complex interaction with the cortex plays a direct role in establishing polarity and that fatty acid pathways are important for this polarizing event.</p

Involvement of fatty acid pathways and cortical interaction of the pronuclear complex in Caenorhabditis elegansembryonic polarity