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Background  Phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase (PEPS; EC 2.7.9.2) catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate in  Escherichia coli  when cells are grown on a three carbon source. It also catalyses the anabolic conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis. A bioinformatics search conducted following the successful cloning and expression of maize leaf pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase regulatory protein (PDRP) revealed the presence of PDRP homologs in more than 300 bacterial species; the PDRP homolog was identified as DUF299.    Results  This paper describes the cloning and expression of both PEPS and DUF299 from  E. coli  and establishes that  E. coli  DUF299 catalyzes both the ADP-dependent inactivation and the P i -dependent activation of PEPS.    Conclusion  This paper represents the first report of a bifunctional regulatory enzyme catalysing an ADP-dependent phosphorylation and a P i -dependent pyrophosphorylation reaction in bacteria.

Cloning and characterization of Escherichia coli DUF299: a bifunctional ADP-dependent kinase - Pi-dependent pyrophosphorylase from bacteria