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Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens is associated with  netB  positive  Clostridium perfringens  type A strains. It is known that  C. perfringens  strains isolated from outbreaks of necrotic enteritis are more capable of secreting factors inhibiting growth of other  C. perfringens  strains than strains isolated from the gut of healthy chickens. This characteristic could lead to extensive and selective presence of a strain that contains the genetic make-up enabling to secrete toxins that cause gut lesions. This report describes the discovery, purification, characterization and recombinant expression of a novel bacteriocin, referred to as perfrin, produced by a necrotic enteritis-associated  netB -positive  C. perfringens  strain. Perfrin is a 11.5 kDa C-terminal fragment of a 22.9 kDa protein and showed no sequence homology to any currently known bacteriocin. The 11.5 kDa fragment can be cloned into  Escherichia coli , and expression yielded an active peptide. PCR detection of the gene showed its presence in 10  netB -positive  C. perfringens  strains of broiler origin, and not in other  C. perfringens  strains tested (isolated from broilers, cattle, sheep, pigs, and humans). Perfrin and NetB are not located on the same genetic element since NetB is plasmid-encoded and perfrin is not. The bacteriocin has bactericidal activity over a wide pH-range but is thermolabile and sensitive to proteolytic digestion (trypsin, proteinase K).  C. perfringens  bacteriocins, such as perfrin, can be considered as an additional factor involved in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broilers.

Perfrin, a novel bacteriocin associated with netB positive Clostridium perfringens strains from broilers with necrotic enteritis