Open AccessCOVID-19 Infection in Patients with Humoral Immunodeficiency: A Case Series and Literature Review
Author(s) -
Maaz Jalil,
Julianne Pietras,
Syed Naved Ahmed,
Phuong Daniels,
Robert Hostoffer
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
allergy and rhinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2152-6575
pISSN - 2152-6567
DOI - 10.1177/21526575221096044
Subject(s) - hypogammaglobulinemia , medicine , comorbidity , immunodeficiency , cohort , retrospective cohort study , common variable immunodeficiency , immunology , disease , cohort study , immune system , antibody
Background The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has infected many individuals worldwide and continues to pose a significant threat to those with weakened immune systems. The data evaluating the clinical outcomes of patients with humoral immunodeficiencies that contract COVID-19 is limited and conflicting.Objective To describe the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infections in patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency and compare results to current literature.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort review on 15 patients with a humoral immunodeficiency defined as Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Specific Antibody Deficiency, or unspecified hypogammaglobulinemia, who contracted COVID-19. Severity scores were determined to evaluate the clinical outcomes of these patients.Results Of our 15-patient cohort, 33% of individuals with a humoral immunodeficiency infected with COVID-19 had moderate to severe disease, requiring hospitalization or resulting in death. COVID-19 mortality rate was found to be 7%. All 5 of our patients with severe COVID-19 infection had at least 1 comorbidity or risk factor.Conclusion Within our cohort of humoral immunodeficient patients infected with COVID-19, we found a higher rate of moderate to severe COVID-19 infection and worse clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with comorbidities or risk factors.