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Background: Between January 1999 and December 2008, 469 patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were included in this single-institution study.    Methods: We performed a case–control analysis to study the rate of obesity among patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and non-APL AML.    Results: A total of 81% of APL patients analyzed were obese compared with 41.7% in the non-APL group ( p  30 was seen in 57% of APL patients compared with 31% for the non-APL group ( p = 0.01). Neither obesity nor the chemotherapy dosing based on ideal body weight affected survival.    Conclusions: Our findings generate the hypothesis that APL and metabolic syndromes may share a common pathogenic pathway via retinoic acid receptors (RARs), the ligand-controlled transcription factors that function as heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) to regulate cell growth and survival. If this link is confirmed in larger studies, our data will instigate further studies using RXR and RAR modulators as a preventive strategy among obese individuals.

High prevalence of obesity in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): implications for differentiating agents in APL and metabolic syndrome