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Background: Approaches to treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients with persistent low-level viremia are limited by current commercial resistance genotyping assays when the viral load (VL) is &lt;500 copies/mL. The best intervention to achieve virologic suppression in this population is unclear. Methods: This is a case control retrospective chart review study of 149 HIV-infected patients with a VL of 50 to 1000 copies/mL. Patients were in either regimen unchanged group or intervention group (intensification of regimen or switch without guidance from resistance testing). End point was VL &lt; 100 copies/mL. Results: At 6 months post change, 30.8% of patients with intervention versus 36.6% with no intervention achieved a complete virologic suppression. There were no statistically significant differences between these 2 groups (P = .254). The majority of patients without regimen change eventually progressed to complete virologic failure. Conclusion: Patients with persistent low levels of viremia are likely to progress to have virologic failure. This supports the adoption of a more proactive approach to treatment and more sensitive technique to identify drug resistance.

The HIV Virologic Outcomes of Different Interventions Among Treatment-Experienced Patients With 2 Consecutive Detectable Low-Level Viremia