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To overcome this noise, traditional reactive as well as dissipative mufflers have been used. However, the allowable backpressure and the extra load acting on the cooling tower are limited. So, in order to efficiently reduce the broad noise under a low-pressure drop and a small dead weight, a straight multi-array resonator muffler without sound absorbing wool is required. Multi-array Helmholtz mufflers with complicated Helmholtz resonators were found to be too expensive in manufacturing costs and can be easily accumulated with duct and water. Therefore, a straight multi-array side-branched muffler with an empty chamber is proposed. Here, to efficiently reduce the broadband noise level, eight kinds of mufflers (muffler A–H) with 1–8 raw chambers internally partitioned with concentric perforated plate will also be introduced. To delineate the best acoustical performance of a space-constrained muffler, a numerical assessment using a four-pole matrix method in conjunction with a differential evolution method is adopted. To verify the availability of the differential evolution optimization, a numerical optimization of mufflers A–H at a pure tone (400 Hz) is exemplified. Before the differential evolution operation in broadband noise elimination can be carried out, the accuracy of the mathematical model has been checked using the experimental data. Consequently, a successful approach in eliminating a broadband noise with a low-pressure drop and a dead load using optimally shaped straight multi-array side-branched mufflers and a differential evolution method within a constrained space has been demonstrated.

Numerical optimization of straight multi-array side-branched mufflers using differential evolution method