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The objective of this analysis is to examine how participation in different types of competitive sports (based on level of contact) during high school is associated with substance use 1 to 4 years after the 12 th grade. The analysis uses nationally representative samples of 12 th graders from the Monitoring the Future Study who were followed 1 to 4 years after the 12 th grade. The longitudinal sample consisted of 970 12 th graders from six recent cohorts (2006-2011). The analyses found that respondents who participated in at least one competitive sport during the 12 th grade had greater odds of binge drinking during the past two weeks (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.90) 1 to 4 years after the 12 th grade, when compared to their peers who did not participate in sports during their 12 th grade year. Moreover, respondents who participated in high-contact sports (i.e., football, ice hockey, lacrosse, and wrestling) had greater odds of binge drinking (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.72) and engaging in marijuana use during the past 30 days (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.93) 1 to 4 years after the 12 th grade when compared to their peers who did not participate in these types of sports during their 12 th grade year. Accordingly, the findings indicate important distinctions in sport participation experiences on long-term substance use risk that can help inform potential interventions among young athletes.

Competitive sports participation in high school and subsequent substance use in young adulthood: Assessing differences based on level of contact