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The heat-induced HSP-70 expression protects rat islet single cells against lysis mediated by nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen, and streptozotocin. The present study was performed to investigate the potential antiinflammatory effect of pretransplant heat shock in adult pig islets for subsequent early islet xenograft survival. Maximum HSP-70 expression in freshly isolated pig islets was induced by hyperthermia at 43°C for 90 min prior to islet regeneration at 37°C for 4–6 h. Heat-stressed and sham-treated islets were incubated in 0.6 mM H 2 O 2  or 1.5 mM Na-nitroprusside at 37°C for 20 h. Early graft survival was evaluated in normoglycemic Lewis rats after simultaneous, contralateral transplantation of heat-shocked islets and sham-treated islets into the renal subcapsular space of the same recipient. Prior hyperthermia significantly reduced specific lysis of islets exposed to NO or H 2 O 2 , although protection was only marginal. No differences were observed between viability of heat-shocked and sham-treated islets after NO exposure. In contrast, prior heat shock increased islet viability after H 2 O 2  treatment. The finding that hyperthermia reduced recovery of initially grafted pig insulin 48 h after transplantation by 30% compared to controls contrasted significantly with an increased insulin recovery in heat-exposed islets at the end of simultaneous 37°C culture. The observation, that the heat-induced HSP-70 expression decreases early islet xenograft survival as reflected by recovery of grafted insulin, implies an enhancement of islet immunogenicity and the induction of apoptosis. Future experiments aiming at augmentation of intrinsic defense mechanims should consider detrimental effects associated with induction of heat shock proteins.

Pretransplant Induction of HSP-70 in Isolated Adult Pig Islets Decreases Early Islet Xenograft Survival