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5-Methoxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (MMdCyd) is a selective anti-herpes agent that is dependent upon initial activation by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced deoxythymidine/deoxycytidine kinase. 5-Methoxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine triphosphate (MMdCTP) was synthesized. The nature of the interaction of MMdCTP and dCTP with the DNA polymerase of Escherichia coli, HSV-1 and human DNA polymerase α was determined using specific and optimized assay conditions for each enzyme. MMdCTP was a better substrate for HSV-1 DNA polymerase compared to dCTP. At a nucleotide concentration of 10 μm MMdCTP utilization was 130% that of an equimolar concentration of dCTP. Under similar conditions, human DNA polymerase α utilized MMdCTP about as efficiently as dCTP. E. coli DNA polymerase I preferentially utilized dCTP. The IC 50  values of MMdCTP were 8 × 10 −7  m and 29 × 10 −7  m for HSV-1 and human α DNA polymerase, respectively. MMdCTP is a competitive inhibitor of HSV-1 DNA polymerase with respect to dCTP incorporation ( K i  = 3.8 × 10 −7  m). Preferential utilization of MMdCTP and its eventual incorporation into HSV DNA seems to account for the antiviral action of MMdCyd.

antiviral chemistry and chemotherapy

Mechanism of Selective Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Replication by Deoxycytidine Analogues: Interaction of 5-methoxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine-5′-triphosphate with DNA Polymerases