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Crowdsourced GPS probe data has become a major source of real-time trafficinformation applications. In addition to traditional traveler advisory systemssuch as dynamic message signs (DMS) and 511 systems, probe data is being usedfor automatic incident detection, Integrated Corridor Management (ICM), end ofqueue warning systems, and mobility-related smartphone applications. Severalprivate sector vendors offer minute by minute network-wide travel time andspeed probe data. The quality of such data in terms of deviation of thereported travel time and speeds from ground-truth has been extensively studiedin recent years, and as a result concerns over the accuracy of probe data hasmostly faded away. However, the latency of probe data, defined as the lagbetween the time that disturbance in traffic speed is reported in theoutsourced data feed, and the time that the traffic is perturbed, has become asubject of interest. The extent of latency of probe data for real-timeapplications is critical, so it is important to have a good understanding ofthe amount of latency and its influencing factors. This paper uses high-qualityindependent Bluetooth/Wi-Fi re-identification data collected on multiplefreeway segments in three different states, to measure the latency of thevehicle probe data provided by three major vendors. The statisticaldistribution of the latency and its sensitivity to speed slowdown and recoveryperiods are discussed.

A cross-vendor and cross-state analysis of the GPS-probe data latency