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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is regulated to secure brain O 2 delivery while simultaneously avoiding hyperperfusion; however, both requisites may conflict during sprint exercise. To determine whether brain O 2 delivery or CBF is prioritized, young men performed sprint exercise in normoxia and hypoxia (P I O 2  = 73 mmHg). During the sprints, cardiac output increased to ∼22 L min -1 , mean arterial pressure to ∼131 mmHg and peak systolic blood pressure ranged between 200 and 304 mmHg. Middle-cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) increased to peak values (∼16%) after 7.5 s and decreased to pre-exercise values towards the end of the sprint. When the sprints in normoxia were preceded by a reduced P ET CO 2 , CBF and frontal lobe oxygenation decreased in parallel ( r = 0.93, P &lt; 0.01). In hypoxia, MCAv was increased by 25%, due to a 26% greater vascular conductance, despite 4-6 mmHg lower PaCO 2 in hypoxia than normoxia. This vasodilation fully accounted for the 22 % lower CaO 2 in hypoxia, leading to a similar brain O 2 delivery during the sprints regardless of P I O 2 . In conclusion, when a conflict exists between preserving brain O 2 delivery or restraining CBF to avoid potential damage by an elevated perfusion pressure, the priority is given to brain O 2 delivery.

Cerebral blood flow, frontal lobe oxygenation and intra-arterial blood pressure during sprint exercise in normoxia and severe acute hypoxia in humans