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Aims   To assess the incidence of underlying colorectal malignancy in patients admitted as an emergency with a CT diagnosis of acute diverticulitis and determine the need for routine follow up colonoscopyMethods   A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had been admitted to our surgical unit with CT diagnosed diverticulitis from September 2016 to September 2018 (n = 125).Results   11 patients (8.8%) required emergency resection with no underlying malignancy found. 76 patients (61%) had a follow up colonoscopy after being discharged. 4 patients were found to have an underlying colorectal malignancy, one of them suspected on CT and another an incidentally detected caecal polyp cancer. Therefore 3/87(3.4%) had an unexpected cancer diagnosis and all those in the diseased segment were within complicated diverticulitis.Conclusion   Nowadays, multi-slice CT scanners are so good at giving an accurate assessment of colonic pathology. In our study, 96.6% of the patients with a CT diagnosis of acute diverticulitis had no underlying malignancy in the diseased segment with all the cancers within complicated diverticulitis. With such a low yield of underlying malignancy in uncomplicated diverticulitis, we question the need for routine follow up colonoscopy when there is no CT suspicion of malignancy in these patients

Is routine colonoscopy necessary for patients who have an unequivocal computerised tomography diagnosis of acute diverticulitis?