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Changes in soil electrical parameters can affect the distribution of earth potential in high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) ground electrodes when climatic conditions changes. This paper proposes a model to describe the relationship between surface-layer soil moisture and surface-layer soil resistivity under short-term climatic influence, by using image recognition technology. Based on the relatively stable resistivity of lower soil layers, a soil model more reflective of the actual operating conditions is established for soils near the ground electrode, and a finite element method is adopted to calculate the earth-surface potential (ESP). The experimental results indicate the following: (1) Compared with other measurement methods, image recognition of surface soil resistivity is a low-cost, real-time, online, and accurate method; and (2) changes in surface-layer soil moisture affect both ESP and step voltage. These effects are large in the case of high resistivity for the soil layer where the ground electrode is buried. This large fluctuation in step voltage particularly results in a potential safety hazards during ground electrode operation. Therefore, in order to ensure personal safety and obtain more accurate electrical parameters, it is necessary to consider the effect of natural climate on the soil surface resistivity. Finally, the value of the step voltage can be observed using image recognition, this also provides a new method for the safety monitoring of the DC ground electrode.

Calculation model for the earth potential of HVDC ground electrode based on image recognition of surface-layer soil moisture