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GPS radio occultations (RO) offer the possibility to map winds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region because geopotential height is the independent coordinate of retrieval. Most other sounders do not offer this possibility because their independent coordinate of retrieval is pressure. To estimate theprecisionwithwhichGPSradiooccultationdatacanmapwinds,drypressureprofilesaresimulatedfromthe Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) at the actual locations of the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) soundings for the year 2007. Monthly wind maps were created by using Bayesian interpolation on subsampled ERA-Interim data in 3‐5-day bins and subsequent averagingoveramonth.Mappingwindsinthisapproachrequiresthat1)geostrophyapproximateswinds;2)dry pressureapproximatespressureintheUTLS;and3)geopotentialheightcanbemappedaccuratelygivensparse, nonuniform distributions of data. This study found that, under these conditions, it is possible to map monthly windsnearthetropopausewithanaccuracyof5.6ms 21 withCHAMPaloneand4.5ms 21 withCOSMICalone. Thedominantcontributorstouncertaintyareundersamplingoftheatmosphereandageostrophy,particularlyat the leading and trailing edges of the subtropical jet. The former is reduced with increased density of GPS RO soundings. The latter cannot be reduced even after iteration for balanced winds. Nevertheless, it is still possible tocapturethegeneralwindpatternandtodeterminethepositionofthesubtropicaljetdespitetheuncertaintyin its magnitude. COSMIC radio occultation measurements from 2006 through 2011 were used to estimate monthly geostrophic winds maps in UTLS. The resultant wind dataset is posted online.

Estimation of Winds from GPS Radio Occultations