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Two analytical models with different starting points of convective parameterizations, the Fuchs and Raymond model on one hand and the Khairoutdinov and Emanuel model on the other, are used to develop “minimal difference” models for the MJO. The main physical mechanisms that drive the MJO in both models are wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) and cloud-radiation interactions (CRI). The dispersion curves for the modeled eastward propagating mode, the MJO mode, are presented for an idealized case with zero meridional wind and for the realistic cases with higher meridional numbers. In both cases, the two models produce eastward propagating modes with the growth rate greatest at the largest wavelengths despite having different representations of cumulus convection. We show that the relative contributions of WISHE and CRI are sensitive to how the convection and entropy/moisture budgets are represented in models like these.

Sensitivity of Linear Models of the Madden–Julian Oscillation to Convective Representation