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Very strong El Ni\~no events occur sporadically every 10-20 years. The originof this bursting behavior still remains elusive. Using a simplified3-dimensional dynamical model of the tropical Pacific climate system, whichcaptures the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) combined with recentlydeveloped mathematical tools for fast-slow systems we show that decadal ENSObursting behavior can be explained as a Mixed Mode Oscillation (MMO), whichalso predicts a critical threshold for rapid amplitude growth. It ishypothesized that the MMO dynamics of the low-dimensional climate model can belinked to a saddle-focus equilibrium point, which mimics a tropical PacificOcean state without ocean circulation.

Mixed mode oscillations of the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation