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Using new in situ ocean subsurface observations from the Argo floats, best track typhoon data from the U.S. Joint Typhoon Warning Center, an ocean mixed layer model and other supporting data sets, this work s ystematically explore the inter-relationships between translation speed, ocean’s subsurface condition ( characterized by the depth of the 26∘C iso therm,(D26) and upper,ocean,heat content (UOHC)), cyclone’s self -induced ocean cooling negative feedback, and air-sea enthalpy f luxes for the intensification of the western North Pacific category-5 typhoons. Based on 10 years’ analysis, it is found that for intensification to category-5, in addition to the warm sea surface temperature generally around 29∘C, the required subsurface D26 and UOHC depend greatly on cyclone’s translation speed. It is observed that even over relatively shallow subsurface warm,layer of D26~ 60-70 m and UOHC ~ 65-70 kj cm,2, respectively. A ne w concept named as the ‘affordable minimum translation speed, Uh_min’ is proposed. This is  the minimum required speed a storm needs to travel for its intensification to category -5, given the observed D26 and UOHC.  Using more than 3,000 Argo in situ profiles, series of mixed layer numerical experiments are conducted to quantify the relationship between D26, UOHC and Uh_min.  Clear negative linear relationships with correlation coefficients R= -0.87 (-0.71) are obtained as Uh_min = -0.065×D26 + 11.1, and Uh_min = -0.05× UOHC + 9.4, respectively.  These relationships can thus be used as a guide to predict the minimum speed a storm has to travel at for intensification to category 5, given the observed D26 and UOHC. 3

Upper-Ocean Thermal Structure and the Western North Pacific Category 5 Typhoons. Part II: Dependence on Translation Speed