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African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) is one of the major diseases affecting cassava production in Sub-Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted between August and September 2019 in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Niger and Benue states of the Guinea savannah vegetation zone of Nigeria, where cassava is predominantly cultivated, to assess the incidence and distribution of ACMV. Leaf samples collected from this survey were subjected to molecular indexing using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Further phylogenic analysis sequencing was done to determine the diversity among the isolates obtained from the study. A total of 81 farms were visited from where 2,025 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples (25 leaf samples per farm) were collected randomly in quadrants of 5m x 5m. The surveyed fields were assessed for virus disease incidence and severity by visual observation. From the samples collected, FCT had the highest incidence (62%) while Benue had the lowest (18%). FCT also recorded the highest severity while Benue had the lowest. After molecular indexing using PCR, FCT recorded the highest incidence to ACMV (22.22%), while no ACMV incidence was recorded in Benue state. The sequencing and phylogenic analysis reveals that there is a high diversity among the isolates obtained in the areas surveyed. This study indicates the presence of ACMV in the Guinea Savannah vegetation zone of Nigeria and has confirmed that cassava Mosaic Disease could be a threat to cassava production in the zone, therefore, the need for quick diagnosis.

Incidence and Distribution of African Cassava Mosaic Virus in the Guinea Savannah Vegetation zone of Nigeria