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This chapter sheds light on two aspects of decolonization: the enhanced insecurity of property and the attempt at nation building by overcoming local diversity. So far, agrarian studies in Indonesia have either focused on national laws and overlooked local deviations or focussed on one local situation and missed the wider pattern. The chapter gives an overall view of local variation, and analyses the national reforms intended by the Basic Agrarian Law of 1960. The chapter deals with the entire spectrum of tenure systems and their various, but changing, degrees of security. It focuses how Indonesian independence made an impact on security of tenure. The chapter concentrates on ownership because other rights are usually derived from ownership. Late-colonial agrarian policy was based on the 1870 Agrarian Law, which entitled the government to offer land in long lease to Western companies.Keywords: agrarian Law; decolonization; Indonesian government; tenure systems; Western companies

Solid as a rock, or a handful of dust? The security of land tenure in Indonesian cities from 1930-1960