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The main aim in this paper is firstly to draw on those passages from the classical period where the Greek noun miasma appears in connection with disease, in order to study the role played by miasma and its relationship with contagion and air. There are two distinct models of use of miasma in connection with disease: one in religious medicine, where miasma is naturally connected with the notion of contagion, and the other in rational medicine, where miasma is connected with the air. The main aim is to examine the survival of the term miasma, rather than miasmatic theory as a whole. Miasma's connection with disease is easily explained within the context of religious medicine. It uses two examples: first, epilepsy, an individual disease; then loimos, a general disease. It is true that the Greek term miasma, in the technical sense of miasmas contained in the air, is relatively rare. Keywords:air; contagion; ephesus; epilepsy; hippocrates; loimos; miasma; rational medicine

Air, Miasma and Contagion in the Time of Hippocrates and the Survival of Miasmas in Post-Hippocratic Medicine (Rufus of Ephesus, Galen and Palladius)