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Ayurvedic physicians of ancient India (2500 and 500 BC) recognized the heart as a controlling center connected to the entire body through channels (siras and dhamanis), which supplied nutrients to various tissues and provided passage for waste products. They claimed that any obstruction in these channels led to sickness in the body and performed treatment on the basis of personal knowledge of various herbal formulations, which continue to be used by current practitioners of the traditional Indian systems of medicine. Practice of modern cardiology and treatment of heart disease with allopathic drugs became a reality in India soon after the world war II, and research on the pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was also initiated during the same period. We present the current status of cardiovascular research in India with emphasis on emerging information on risk factors for CVD and Indian efforts for arresting growing incidence of CVD, providing affordable care, and discovering new remedies.Epidemiological studies on CVD in India have been reviewed recently.1 During the last decade, CVDs have emerged as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India and are responsible for healthcare burden to the tune of $237 billion during 2005 to 2015.2 Hospital-based studies from 1946 to 1962 reported an incidence rate of coronary heart disease ranging from 6% to 23% in cardiac patients of low-income groups and as high as 35% in high- and middle-income groups. A dramatic epidemiological transition has been witnessed during the last 2 decades. This transition is coupled with increased life expectancy from 58.3 to 65.2 years, lifestyle changes, rapid unplanned expansion of cities, and rural migration. CVDs presently account for two thirds of the mortalities because of noncommunicable diseases with 52% of deaths occurring u003c70 years of age and the mortality rates being higher …

India’s March to Halt the Emerging Cardiovascular Epidemic