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Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is thought to be a rare type of cardiomyopathy likely because of the arrest of myocardial compaction during the fifth to eighth weeks of gestation. The early myocardium consists of deep trabeculations along the endocardium, made of a spongy meshwork of myocardial fibers, that compact to form the capillary network and myocardium of the mature heart, normally progressing from base to apex and from epicardium to myocardium. Many are of the opinion that LVNC is a result of failure to complete this process, though this has been disputed by others who report that LVNC sometimes presents in patients who have had prior normal echocardiograms that did not demonstrate LVNC.1To date, the diagnostic criteria of LVNC is largely based on 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram. Typical echocardiographic findings include a 2-layered appearance of the myocardium with a thin outer layer representing the compact myocardium, and a thicker inner layer representing the noncompacted trabeculum, in continuity with the endocardial surface. Three sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed. Criteria proposed by Chin et al include: the compact layer to total myocardial thickness ratio is <0.5 in end-diastole in apical or parasternal short axis views. Criteria proposed by Jenni et al include: the ratio of noncompacted to compacted myocardium in parasternal …

Morphologic Heterogeneity in Left Ventricular Noncompaction Resulting in Accessory Left Ventricular Chambers