English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Physicians make the diagnosis of heart failure when patients present with exercise intolerance that is limited by dyspnea, fatigue, or both and that can be attributed to an identifiable abnormality of cardiac function. Patients with exertional symptoms attributable to severe primary valvular disease respond symptomatically and prognostically to surgical valve repair or replacement. Patients with exertional dyspnea attributable to left ventricular systolic dysfunction exhibit fluid retention and neurohormonal activation and respond both symptomatically and prognostically to the administration of diuretics, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, β-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Although circulating levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be measured in these 2 groups of patients, there is no reliable or persuasive evidence that such measurement provides a useful guide to the selection of patients to be treated, the medical or surgical interventions to be prescribed, or the timing of surgery or the doses of drugs to be achieved.1Article see p 569Many elderly patients experience symptoms of exertional dyspnea or fatigue but have no evidence of valvular disease or left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The majority are elderly women who are physically deconditioned and frequently have hypertension, obesity, atrial fibrillation, anemia, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic renal insufficiency.2 Which of these abnormalities is responsible for these patients' exercise intolerance? Although their symptoms and survival are largely determined by their comorbid conditions,3,4 physicians frequently focus on the heart in their pursuit of a cause of exertional symptoms and poor prognosis. Noninvasive cardiac imaging typically reveals a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, occasionally shows left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement, and often demonstrates changes in echocardiographic variables that suggest an increase in left ventricular filling pressure and a reduced rate of blood flow into the left ventricle during diastole.5 The …

Can Brain Natriuretic Peptide Be Used to Guide the Management of Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction?