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Propagation velocities and differential voltages of the electromotive surface in the left ventricle were measured in dogs by multipoint bipolar intramyocardial electrodes. The average velocity of propagation in the inner 4 mm of the ventricular wall of dogs was 2.0 mm/msec, which is considerably greater than that in the middle (0.70 mm/msec) or the outer 4 mm (0.40 mm/msec). The average voltage was less in the inner levels of the ventricular wall than in the outer, but significantly different from zero. This fact indicates a definite but lesser contribution per unit volume than from the outer levels. The propagation of the electromotive surface through the ventricular wall was consistently from endocardium to epicardium with no significant areas propagated in the reverse direction. These data disagree with the hypothesis that certain levels in the wall of the heart and certain regions of the heart are electrocardiographically silent. In dogs, and to a greater degree in humans, small infarcts anywhere in the heart can be expected to produce significant and discernible changes in surface ECGs. The task remains to refine and validate criteria for the diagnosis of infarct in these areas. When viewed from within the myocardium, the waveforms observed in bipolar intramyocardial electrodes are inconsistent with the dipole layer hypothesis as a model of the electromotive surface of ventricular depolarization in the heart.

Propagation Velocities and Voltage Magnitudes in Local Segments of Dog Myocardium