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The mechanisms by which the DNA content of the heart increases following acutely induced cardiac hypertrophy were investigated in mature Sprague-Dawley rats. Special attention was given to the cellular organization of the growth process. Autoradiographic studies provided conclusive evidence that the uptake of tritiated thymidine is completely limited to nonmuscular cellular elements, chiefly connective tissue cells. The frequency of labeled nuclei was increased by sixfold during hypertrophy. The thymidine pool was not appreciably different in the hypertrophied hearts. Connective tissue nuclei formed a larger proportion of the total nuclear population in hypertrophied hearts, and their distribution was less uniform than in the normal heart. Quantitative histologic studies also showed that the total number of left ventricular muscle cell nuclei did not increase during hypertrophy but rather may have decreased slightly. Both the concentration and the total amount of hydroxyproline increased in parallel with the proliferative changes in the connective tissue and provide further supportive evidence to the autoradiographic and histologic studies.

Biochemical Correlates of Cardiac Hypertrophy: IV. OBSERVATIONS ON THE CELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF GROWTH DURING MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY IN THE RAT