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The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) have different patterns of expression in vascular diseases. The Kip/Cip CKIs, p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1), are upregulated during arterial repair and negatively regulate the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In contrast, the Ink CKI, p16(Ink4), is not expressed in vascular lesions. We hypothesized that a variation in the inactivation of cdk2 and cdk4 during the G(1) phase of the cell cycle by p27(Kip1), p21(Cip1), and p16(Ink4) leads to different effects on VSMC growth in vitro and in vivo.

circulation

Differential Effects of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors p27 Kip1 , p21 Cip1 , and p16 Ink4 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation