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SILVA, I. A. General quantum correlations in nuclear magnetic resonance systems. 2017. 108p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2017. Recently, the different formulations of General Quantum Correlations (GQCs) quantum discord and quantum coherence, based on entropic and geometric arguments, have been extensively investigated and characterized. Following their behavior under decoherence is one of the remarkable points in quantum information theory, as the presence of surprisingly phenomena like sudden-change and freezing can be useful to exploit those resources. From the experimental side, nuclear spins appear as excellent candidates to test benching GQCs related phenomena, since they are easily manipulated by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method and, in this context, are naturally subject to well characterized environments equivalent to Phase Damping (PD) and Generalized Amplitude Damping (GAD) Channels. Our proposal here is, after an overview of theoretical developments in GQCs decoherence characterization, provide experimental proofs through NMR. All the characterization is made for Bell diagonal states (2 qubit systems), or, in more general cases, for M 3 states. First of all, the double sudden-change phenomenon is investigated in two different 2 qubit systems, each one affected by PD and GAD separately. This allowed the observation of the pointer basis emergence in the PD case, as theoretically predicted. Second, the freezing phenomenon appearence conditions are investigated in 2, 3 and 4 qubit systems, where heteronuclear molecules were employed as setup and independent PD channels act on. The freezing phenomenon is experimentally observed in systems with an even number of qubits. For discord-like measures, the freezing remains constant an amount of time determined by the initial state, however in the coherence-like case it endures forever. All those results agree with the theoretical predictions. To generalize those results, it was also proved that Bell diagonal states provide a lower bond of coherence to general states that are characterized for the same correlation triple.

Correlações quânticas de caráter geral em sistemas de ressonância magnética nuclear