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SOBREIRA, G.C. Antiulcer activity from mechanism of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. (Phyllanthaceae) and isolation of the major constituents. 2016. 103.p Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2016. Traditionally medicinal plants have been used to prevent and to treat gastric ulcer. Gastric ulcer is a heterogeneous disease of multifactorial etiology, which affects about 8-10% people in the world. However, these pharmaceutical products are not completely effective and produce many adverse effects. Extracts of leaves of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. is often used for treating gastric disease by the population. This species is included in RENISUS. In order to investigate antiulcer activity, for this were realized two distinct ulcer models in rats. In acidified ethanol model, the crude extract (hydroethanol extract 70% lyophilized) from leaves of P. tenellus showed a reduction for 3.44% and 4.25% from gastric lesion area at the dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, however there was not diference significant between the results. The assay using hydroethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aqueous fraction at the dose 200mg/kg as in the previous test showed a reduction from gastric lesion area respectively in 0.7%, 1.1% and 0.7% however there was not significant difference between control and treated. The assay using ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves P. tenellus (Phyllanthaceae), showed a reduction in 9,46% and 22,80% of gastric lesion area at the dose 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg however there was not significant difference. In gastric ulcer model induced by acidified ethanol in pre-treated animals in ethoricoxib, indomethacin and L-NAME, showed a tendency of reduction from gastric lesion area however there was not significant difference. In gastric ulcer model induced by acidified ethanol in pre-treated animals with NEM showed a reduction from gastric lesion in 90% in the group Salina+FA (p<0,05), comparing with the group NEM+FA. In subacute ulcer model induced by acid acetic , after 7 days of treatment with hydroethanol extract of P. tenellus at the dose 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant reduction from gastric lesion in 60% at the dose 100 mg/kg (p<0.01), 47% at the dose 200 mg/kg (p<0,01) and 69% at the dose 400 mg/kg (p<0,001). With histological evaluation it was possible to see regenerative increased of the mucosal epithelium and reparation with healing mucosal lamina propria with fibroblast proliferation and blood vessels neoformation, and large collagen deposition showing healing process and regeneration occurring after treatment hydroethanol extract 70% of P. tenellus. At the same time the pharmacological studies it was made the chromatographic profile by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), hydroethanol extract and fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetato and aqueous). The assay of quantitation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds it was observed that the ethyl acetate fraction has a higher concentration of phenolic substances including flavonoides, then the crude extract and lastly the aqueous fraction . In the experiment to determine antiradicalar capacity it was noted that the ethyl acetate fraction (CE50=13,09 μg/ml) showed a better radical DPPH reduction capacity, followed by hydroethanol extract (CE50=19,86 μg/ml) and aqueous fraction (CE50=45,76 μg/ml). These results are in line with the gastroprotection observed in gastric ulcer experiment, suggesting a possible relation of the flavonoid , di hidromiricetina present in the extract, with the gastroprotective activity and facilitating healing of gastric ulcers.

Mecanismos de atividade antiúlcera de <i>Phyllanthus tenellus</i> Roxb. (Phyllanthaceae) e isolamento dos principais constituintes