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Invasive alien species White-lily (Hedychium coronarium Koenig) physical control at Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira – PETAR, SP Biological invasions pose an enormous threat to biodiversity nowadays. Besides its old presence among natural processes, human activities have worsened the problem by multiplying considerably the exchange of seeds and propagules and pushed this threat onto natural habitats. Brazilian protected areas are highly exposed to biological invasions and most of them already face consequences of inadverted introductions. PETAR state park deals with the plant invader white ginger (Hedychium coronarium) and its impacts for decades. Also referred to as ginger lily, the species belongs to the zingiberaceae family and was introduced for ornamental purposes. Free from natural enemies, white ginger develops faster than native species and is able to invade into closed canopy forests, limiting native saplings and seedlings survival. This study aims to understand which are the environmental conditions that favour H. coronarium development, investigate eventual impacts onto microclimate conditions and testing different physical control and eradication techniques. Eight casualized blocks were installed at each of the two selected study areas. Each block consists of one 1m2 plot for each of the three treatments. Five hypothesis were tested: 1. better control responses when removing the whole plant, including its rhizome; 2. better control responses when removing the whole plant more than once; 3. great amounts of H. coronarium biomass determine diverse humidity and temperature conditions beneath the leafs; 4. the higher the light offer, the more H. coronarium biomass growing; 5. hand pulling is more favorable to native vegetation recovery. Control techniques were slashing/cutting (R), hand pulling (U) and hand pulling three times (M). Monthly visits registered individual data from H. coronarium such as height, basal stem diameter, basal area, volume and number of leaves, as well as plot data such as density, H. coronarium vegetation cover, density of dead individuals and native vegetation cover. Environmental (abiotic) parameters measured were: temperature, humidity, light intensity and canopy coverage. Temperature and humidity were measured at 0,1m (soil height) and 1,5m (height above herbaceous vegetation), so that ΔU and ΔT were obtained. Statistical analysis included Repeated Measures ANOVA and Linear Regression. The best H. coronarium population control results came from hand pulling treatments, both M and U, as there was no statistical difference diagnosed between the two of them. Concerning the native species, the treatments presenting more native vegetation recovery were both M and U, without any statistical difference between them. No relationship was found between ΔT or ΔU and biomass, nor canopy cover and biomass. On the other hand, light intensity presented significant relationship with biomass. Hand pulling is an efficient choice for white ginger control and native species restoration. Sites with higher light intensities should be prioritized for management as they potentially favor a higher biomass production. As the main goal of exotics control is always to favor native vegetation recovery to original conditions, it is essential to consider restoration techniques along with exotics control, to prevent re-invasion of vacant areas.

Controle mecânico da herbácea exótica invasora lírio-do-brejo (Hedychium coronarium Koenig) no parque estadual turístico do Alto Ribeira - PETAR, SP