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The emergence of  Plasmodium falciparum  resistance to artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is a worrying development. It calls for close surveillance to monitor the efficacy of the drugs. The objectives of this study were to determine the performance of SD Bioline malaria Ag Pf (HRP-2/ p LDH) 3 band Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) against Giemsa-stained blood smear and evaluate the suitability of this test in assessing the therapeutic efficacy of ACT in pediatric malaria patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).    Methods  Five hundred and one patients with malaria symptoms were screened for  P. falciparum  in Kinshasa, DRC. Of the 166 patients who tested positive for  P. falciparum  at recruitment (day 0), 103 consented to participate in this study and were followed up and retested for  P. falciparum  on day 3, day 7, day 14, day 21 and day 28.    Results  Sensitivity and specificity of the test were significantly high on day 0 and so were their positive and negative predictive values. Higher proportions of false positive cases were observed on the HRP-2 band irrespective of patient parasite densities during the follow up but these were barely seen on the  p LDH band. Some patients turned positive during follow up but  p LDH readings remained consistent with blood smear readings.    Conclusion  SD Bioline malaria Ag Pf (HRP-2/pLDH) RDT demonstrated high performance in DRC. Thus, the test can be employed to assess the efficacy of ACT in pediatric malaria patients and prioritize areas that require the deployment of advanced testing like polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

the pan african medical journal

SD Bioline malaria antigen Pf (HRP-2/pLHD) for assessing efficacy of artemisinin combination therapy against Plasmodium falciparum in pedriatric patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo