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This paper describes the application of a simple, well-designed automated system for the generation of hydrides from arsenic, selenium and similar elements, prior to their analysis by atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma emission. The design concepts involved are based on continuous-flow principles and the sample measurements are taken directly above a base-line established by continuously pumping blank solution. Flow characteristics ofthe gas/liquid separator are designed to ensure that the hydrides formed are swiftly transferred into the atom cell or ICP torch, and that they have a low residence time or memory effect. Coupled together, these features allow sample analysis times to be reduced to an acceptably low level. The ease of use, reliability of the unit and the performances achieved, using either staff unfamiliar with the equipment or untrained, are put forward as prime examples of automating simple chemical sample-preparation techniques to achieve analytical goals. The basic requirement always being that if a simple system is designed, it will be easier to use and maintain. The use of hydride generation to assist in the analysis of many metalloidal elements has proved extremely popular, as evidenced by the wealth of published literature [1-3]. Godden and Thomerson [1] recently published an extensive review on this topic, which provides an excellent introduction to the area. The techniques have been developed primarily for arsenic and selenium, however, many more elements are achieving attention, for example bismuth, tellurium and geranium. Some years ago, attention was focused on mercury and it is now possible to analyse this element using some of the equipment developed. The toxicity ofvery low levels ofthese elements necessitates trace level analysis. The low wavelength of their resonance lines, coupled with the low nebulization efficiency of atomic absorption techniques, has led to the popularity ofhydride generation methods since 100% transport efficiency of the element into the atom cell is possible. This factor alone significantly increases the detection capabilities for analysis. Continuous-flow hydride generation methods have also been successfully coupled with plasma emission techniques I-3 and 4].

Ultra-trace level detection of arsenic and selenium using a commercially available hydride generator with atomic-absorption detection