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Pseudomonas aeruginosa  is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections and is frequently associated with opportunistic infections among hospitalized patients. Kaempferol-3- O -(2′,6′-di- O-trans - p- coumaroyl)- β -D glucopyranoside ( K  F ) is an antipseudomonal compound isolated from the leaves of the native medicinal plant  Melastoma malabathricum . Herein, an RNA-seq transcriptomic approach was employed to study the effect of  K  F  treatment on  P. aeruginosa  and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to  K  F  at two time points (6 h and 24 h incubation). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for four genes ( uvrD ,  sodM ,  fumC1 , and  rpsL ) to assess the reliability of the RNA-seq results. The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis revealed that  K  F  increases the expression of genes involved in the electron transport chain (NADH-I), resulting in the induction of ATP synthesis. Furthermore,  K  F  also increased the expression of genes associated with ATP-binding cassette transporters, flagella, type III secretion system proteins, and DNA replication and repair, which may further influence nutrient uptake, motility, and growth. The results also revealed that  K  F  decreased the expression of a broad range of virulence factors associated with LPS biosynthesis, iron homeostasis, cytotoxic pigment pyocyanin production, and motility and adhesion that are representative of an acute  P. aeruginosa  infection profile. In addition,  P. aeruginosa  pathways for amino acid synthesis and membrane lipid composition were modified to adapt to  K  F  treatment. Overall, the present research provides a detailed view of  P. aeruginosa  adaptation and behaviour in response to  K  F  and highlights the possible therapeutic approach of using plants to combat  P. aeruginosa  infections.

Transcriptomic Response inPseudomonas aeruginosatowards Treatment with a Kaempferol Isolated fromMelastoma malabathricumLinn Leaves