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The aim of this study was to compare gastric residual volume (GRV) in patients given a split-dose versus a conventional single-dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) preparation before undergoing anesthetic colonoscopy.  Methods.  In a prospective observational study, we assessed GRV in outpatients undergoing same-day anesthetic gastroscopy and colonoscopy between October 8 and December 30 of 2016. Outpatients were assigned to the split-dose (1 L PEG in the prior evening and 1 L PEG 2–4 h before endoscopy) or single-dose (ingestion of 2 L PEG ≥ 6 h before endoscopy) regimen randomly. Bowel cleansing quality was assessed with the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS).  Results.  The median GRV in the split-dose group (17 ml, with a range of 0–50 ml;  N  = 65) was significantly lower than that in the single-dose group (22 ml, with a range of 0–62 ml;  N  = 64;  p  = 0.005), with a better bowel cleansing quality (BBPS score 8.05 ± 0.82 versus 7.64 ± 1.21;  p  = 0.028). GRV was not associated with diabetes or the use of medications.  Conclusions.  GRV after a split-dose preparation and fasting for 2–4 hours is not larger than that after a conventional single-dose preparation and fasting for 6–8 hours. The data indicates that the split-dose bowel preparation might not increase the risk of aspiration.

Gastric Residual Volume after Split-Dose Bowel Preparation versus Conventional Single-Dose Regimen before Anesthetic Colonoscopy