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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression via transcript degradation and translational inhibition, and they may also function as long distance signaling molecules. Circulatory miRNAs are either protein-bound or packaged within vesicles (exosomes). Ten young men (24.6 ± 4.0 yr) underwent a single bout of high-intensity interval cycling exercise. Vastus lateralis biopsies and plasma were collected immediately before and after exercise, as well as 4 h following the exercise bout. Twenty-nine miRNAs previously reported to be regulated by acute exercise were assessed within muscle, venous plasma, and enriched circulatory exosomes via qRT-PCR. Of the 29 targeted miRNAs, 11 were altered in muscle, 8 in plasma, and 9 in the exosome fraction. Although changes in muscle and plasma expression were bidirectional, all regulated exosomal miRNAs increased following exercise. Three miRNAs were altered in all three sample pools (miR-1-3p, -16-5p, and -222-3p), three in both muscle and plasma (miR-21-5p, -134-3p, and -107), three in both muscle and exosomes (miR-23a-3p, -208a-3p, and -150-5p), and three in both plasma and exosomes (miR-486-5p, -126-3p, and -378a-5p). There was a marked discrepancy between the observed alterations between sample pools. A subset of exosomal miRNAs increased in abundance following exercise, suggesting an exercise-induced release of exosomes enriched in specific miRNAs. The uniqueness of the exosomal miRNA response suggests its relevance as a sample pool that needs to be further explored in better understanding biological functions.

Circulatory exosomal miRNA following intense exercise is unrelated to muscle and plasma miRNA abundances