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Progress of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has encour aged development of electric devises whose power consumption has become higher. Recently, a circumstance surrounding energy devices has been changing. Namely, the applications of LIBs to elect ric vehicles and stationaries for a grid arose. Therefo re the development of LIBs is subjected to strong requirem ents such as safer, longer life, lower cost, higher ener gy density, and higher power. Our group has developed novel materials with higher energy density for next generation energy de vices on the basis of nanoand mesoelectrochemistry. I n the field of lithium secondary batteries, tin or silico n, which have higher theoretical capacity compared with a conventional graphite anode (silicon: ca.4200 mAh/g , tin: 994 mAh/g, graphite: 372mAh/g) are promising materi l for the anode. However, those materials have a cruc ial problem of capacity fading due to their large volum e change during charge discharge cycling. To improve the problem, we developed the anode by introducing nano and mesostructures. As for tin anode system, we have overcome the problem by alloying with an inactive metal against to lithium or introducing pores in nanoand mesoscale , resulting in improvement on the cycle durability. I n the case of NiSn alloy, the discharge capacity was ~600 mAh/g of NiSn at 70th cycle. In the case of mesopor us Sn, the discharge capacity was ~430 mAh/g of Sn at 100th cycle. Recently, we have proposed novel anode fabricated by electrodeposition from an organic sol uti n with the idea that a deposit would be composed of s iliconbased inorganic phase and organic phase formed by cathodic reaction at the interface of anode and ele ctrolyte (Fig. 1). The silicon anode has succeeded in achiev ing outstanding cycle durability. The silicon anode del ivered high discharge capacity of over 1000 mAh/g of Si du ring over 4000 cycles and sustained in the following cyc les up to 7000 cycles with the discharge capacity of ~800 mAh/g of Si (Fig. 2). 7, 8 The outstanding property is considered to be due to Si-O-C composite which is composed of amorphous SiOx and organic phases. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity per unit area, we tried to inc rease the thickness of the Si-O-C film by using a current col lector, which has a nanocone structure. 9 As the result, we have succeeded in the increase of the capacity per unit area up to ca. 13 times larger. In same way, we have also investigated tin-based anode fabricated by electrodeposition from an organ ic solution. In the presentation, the chemical structures of the Si-O-C and the Sn-O-C composite anode will be discussed in detail.

Structural Analysis of Highly Durable Si-O-C Or Sn-O-C Composite Anodes for Lithium Secondary Battery By Means of Electrodeposition