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Ni/gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) anodes have shown promising performance in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for both H2 and carbonaceous fuels [1-3]. In typical porous SOFC electrodes, it is not feasible to measure local overpotentials between the phase interfaces where charged transfer reactions occur. Because of the dynamic nature of the GDC surface under elevated temperatures and electrochemical biasing, it is very beneficial for SOFC model development to measure local potentials. GDC undergoes significant surface reduction under electrochemical activity with H2 oxidation, and H2O electrolysis potentially due to high surface reduction. Extensive studies have quantified oxygen non-stoichiometry in ceria-based electrodes [4-6]. However, behavior of Ni and GDC surface species during electrochemical activity are not well understood. To fill this gap, our team studied active thin-film GDC electrodes with interconnected porous Ni overlayers with ambient pressure XPS at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.

In Situ Measurements of Overpotentials and Surface Species With XPS On Ni/GDC Electrode in Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells