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Malware checking is changing from being a local service to a cloud-assistedone where users' devices query a cloud server, which hosts a dictionary ofmalware signatures, to check if particular applications are potentiallymalware. Whilst such an architecture gains all the benefits of cloud-basedservices, it opens up a major privacy concern since the cloud service can inferpersonal traits of the users based on the lists of applications queried bytheir devices. Private membership test (PMT) schemes can remove this privacyconcern. However, known PMT schemes do not scale well to a large number ofsimultaneous users and high query arrival rates. We propose a simple PMTapproach using a carousel: circling the entire dictionary through trustedhardware on the cloud server. Users communicate with the trusted hardware viasecure channels. We show how the carousel approach, using different datastructures to represent the dictionary, can be realized on two differentcommercial hardware security architectures (ARM TrustZone and Intel SGX). Wehighlight subtle aspects of securely implementing seemingly simple PMT schemeson these architectures. Through extensive experimental analysis, we show thatfor the malware checking scenario our carousel approach surprisinglyoutperforms Path ORAM on the same hardware by supporting a much higher queryarrival rate while guaranteeing acceptable response latency for individualqueries.

The Circle Game: Scalable Private Membership Test Using Trusted Hardware