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The nonlinear properties of ZBMCCS-based varistors, which are composed of ZnO–Bi 2 O 3 –MnO 2 –Cr 2 O 3 –Sb 2 O 3 –Co 3 O 4  and SiO 2  are studied inrelation to sintering temperature, in the range of 1280–1350[Formula: see text]C. The samples are investigated for grain morphology by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). These samples were examined by using X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and DC electrical measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples show the presence of ZnO, Zn 2 SiO 4  willemite phase and Co[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text]O 4  spinel phases.The average grain size of ZnO increased as the sintering temperature increased from 2.57 to 6.84 [Formula: see text]m. In the examined temperature range, the breakdown field decreased from 2992 to 127[Formula: see text]V/cm with the increase of sintering temperature. This system gives a relatively high nonlinearity coefficient [Formula: see text] (at a sintering temperature of 1280[Formula: see text]C) with a low leakage current of 0.21[Formula: see text]mA/cm 2 .

Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and nonlinear electrical characteristics of ZnO varistor