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It is shown that maximally efficient protocols for secure direct quantumcommunications can be constructed using any arbitrary orthogonal basis. Thisestablishes that no set of quantum states (e.g. GHZ states, W states, Brownstates or Cluster states) has an advantage over the others, barring therelative difficulty in physical implementation. The work provides a wide choiceof states for experimental realization of direct secure quantum communicationprotocols. We have also shown that this protocol can be generalized to acompletely orthogonal state based protocol of Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) type. Thesecurity of these protocols essentially arises from duality and monogamy ofentanglement. This stands in contrast to protocols that employ non-orthogonalstates, like Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84), where the security essentially comesfrom non-commutativity in the observable algebra.

Beyond the Goldenberg-Vaidman protocol: Secure and efficient quantum communication using arbitrary, orthogonal, multi-particle quantum states