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The memory effect is a prediction of general relativity on the same footingas the existence of gravitational waves. The memory effect is understood atfuture null infinity as a transition induced by null radiation from aPoincar\'e vacuum to another vacuum. Those are related by a supertranslation,which is a fundamental symmetry of asymptotically flat spacetimes. In thisessay, I argue that finite supertranslation diffeomorphisms should be extendedinto the bulk spacetime consistently with canonical charge conservation. Itthen leads to fascinating geometrical features of gravitational Poincar\'evacua. I then argue that in the process of black hole merger or gravitationalcollapse, dramatic but computable memory effects occur. They lead to a finalstationary metric which qualitatively deviates from the Schwarzschild metric.

Bulk supertranslation memories: a concept reshaping the vacua and black holes of general relativity