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Since the discovery of the Meissner effect the superconductor to normal (S-N)phase transition in the presence of a magnetic field is understood to be afirst order phase transformation that is reversible under ideal conditions andobeys the laws of thermodynamics. The reverse (N-S) transition is the Meissnereffect. This implies in particular that the kinetic energy of the supercurrentis not dissipated as Joule heat in the process where the superconductor becomesnormal and the supercurrent stops. In this paper we analyze the entropygeneration and the momentum transfer between the supercurrent and the body inthe S-N transition and the N-S transition as described by the conventionaltheory of superconductivity. We find that it is impossible to explain thetransition in a way that is consistent with the laws of thermodynamics unlessthe momentum transfer between the supercurrent and the body occurs with zeroentropy generation, for which the conventional theory of superconductivityprovides no mechanism. Instead, we point out that the alternative theory ofhole superconductivity does not encounter such difficulties.

international journal of modern physics b/international journal of modern physics b

Entropy generation and momentum transfer in the superconductor-normal  and normal-superconductor phase transformations and the consistency of the  conventional theory of superconductivity