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The phase structure of charged Anti-de Sitter black hole in massive gravityis investigated using the unstable circular photon orbits formalism, concretelywe establish a direct link between the null geodesics and the critical behaviorthermodynamic of such black hole solution. Our analysis reveals that the radiusand the impact parameter corresponding to the unstable circular orbits can beused to probe the thermodynamic phase structure. We also show that the latterare key quantities to characterize the order of Van der Waals-like phasetransition. Namely, we found a critical exponent around $ \delta = 1/2 $. Allthese results support further that the photon trajectories can be used as auseful and crucial tool to probe the thermodynamic black holes criticality.

Probing correlation between photon orbits and phase structure of charged AdS black hole in massive gravity background