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The energy density of the universe today may be dominated by the vacuumenergy of a slowly rolling scalar field. Making a quantum expansion around sucha time dependent solution is found to break fundamental symmetries of quantumfield theory. We call this mechanism cosmological symmetry breaking and arguethat it is different from the standard phenomenon of spontaneous symmetrybreaking. We illustrate this with a toy scalar field theory, whose actiondisplays a U(1) symmetry. We identify a symmetry, called pseudo-scaleinvariance, which sets the cosmological constant exactly equal to zero, both inclassical and quantum theory. This symmetry is also broken cosmologically andleads to a nonzero vacuum or dark energy. The slow roll condition along withthe observed value of dark energy leads to a value of the background scalarfield of the order of Planck mass. We also consider a U(1) gauge symmetrymodel. Cosmological symmetry breaking, in this case, leads to a non zero massfor the vector field. We also show that a cosmologically broken pseudo-scaleinvariance can generate a wide range of masses.

Cosmological Symmetry Breaking, Pseudo-scale invariance, Dark Energy and the Standard Model