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Proton therapy is nowadays becoming a wide spread clinical practice in cancertherapy and sophisticated treatment planning systems are routinely used toexploit at best the ballistic properties of charged particles. The informationon the quality of the beams and the range of the protons is a key issue for theoptimization of the treatment. For this purpose, proton radiography can be usedin proton therapy to obtain direct information on the range of the protons, onthe average density of the tissues for treatment planning optimization and toperform imaging with negligible dose to the patient. We propose an innovativemethod based on nuclear emulsion film detectors for proton radiography, atechnique in which images are obtained by measuring the position and theresidual range of protons passing through the patient's body. Nuclear emulsionfilms interleaved with tissue equivalent absorbers can be fruitfully used toreconstruct proton tracks with very high precision. The first prototype of anuclear emulsion based detector has been conceived, constructed and tested witha therapeutic proton beam at PSI. The scanning of the emulsions has beenperformed at LHEP in Bern, where a fully automated microscopic scanningtechnology has been developed for the OPERA experiment on neutrinooscillations. After track reconstruction, the first promising experimentalresults have been obtained by imaging a simple phantom made of PMMA with a stepof 1 cm. A second phantom with five 5 x 5 mm^2 section aluminum rods located atdifferent distances and embedded in a PMMA structure has been also imaged.Further investigations are in progress to improve the resolution and to imagemore sophisticated phantoms.

Nuclear Emulsion Film Detectors for Proton Radiography: Design and Test of the First Prototype