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Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV energy upgrade provides a golden opportunity toperform precision studies of the transverse spin andtransverse-momentum-dependent structure in the valence quark region for boththe proton and the neutron. In this paper, we focus our discussion on arecently approved experiment on the neutron as an example of the precisionstudies planned at JLab. The new experiment will perform precision measurementsof target Single Spin Asymmetries (SSA) from semi-inclusive electro-productionof charged pions from a 40-cm long transversely polarized $^3$He target inDeep-Inelastic-Scattering kinematics using 11 and 8.8 GeV electron beams. Thisnew coincidence experiment in Hall A will employ a newly proposed solenoidspectrometer (SoLID). The large acceptance spectrometer and the high polarizedluminosity will provide precise 4-D ($x$, $z$, $P_T$ and $Q^2$) data on theCollins, Sivers, and pretzelocity asymmetries for the neutron through theazimuthal angular dependence. The full 2$\pi$ azimuthal angular coverage in thelab is essential in controlling the systematic uncertainties. The results fromthis experiment, when combined with the proton Collins asymmetry measurementand the Collins fragmentation function determined from the e$^+$e$^-$ collisiondata, will allow for a quark flavor separation in order to achieve adetermination of the tensor charge of the d quark to a 10% accuracy. Theextracted Sivers and pretzelocity asymmetries will provide importantinformation to understand the correlations between the quark orbital angularmomentum and the nucleon spin and between the quark spin and nucleon spin.

the european physical journal plus

Transverse Spin Structure of the Nucleon through Target Single Spin  Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic $(e,e^\prime \pi^\pm)$ Reaction at  Jefferson Lab